"Ingestion of excess fluoride, most commonly in drinking-water, can cause fluorosis which affects the teeth and bones. Moderate amounts lead to dental effects, but long-term ingestion of large amounts can lead to potentially severe skeletal problems."Excessive ingestion of fluoride during the early childhood years may damage the tooth-forming cells, leading to a defect in the enamel known as dental fluorosis.
Teeth impacted by fluorosis have visible discoloration, ranging from white spots to brown and black stains.
Teeth with fluorosis also have an increased porosity of the enamel. In the milder forms, the porosity is mostly limited to the sub-surface enamel, whereas in the more advanced forms, the porosity impacts the surface enamel as well, resulting in extensive pitting, chipping, fracturing, and decay of the teeth.
The discoloration induced by fluorosis - particularly in its advanced forms - can cause significant embarrassment and stress to the impacted child, resulting in adverse effects on esteem, emotional health, and career success.
According to the Centers for Disease Control, 32% of American children now have some form of dental fluorosis, with 2 to 4% of children having the moderate to severe stages (CDC 2005).
While proponents of water fluoridation dismiss dental fluorosis as being simply a "cosmetic effect," recent research indicates that the rate of bone fracture among children with fluorosis (even in the mild forms) is higher than the bone fracture rates among children with no fluorosis.
As noted by Dr. Hardy Limeback, Head of Preventive Dentistry at the University of Toronto, "it is illogical to assume that tooth enamel is the only tissue affected by low daily doses of fluoride ingestion."
http://www.fluoridealert.org/dental-fluorosis.htm -
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Dental Fluorosis can also lead to Skeletal Fluorosis a more severe disease where a person's bone structure is damaged in much the same way as the teeth in Dental Fluorosis. Bones become discolored and lose strength. Ligaments can become calcified and Osteoporosis may form.
Early symptoms of Skeletal Fluorosis may include, burning or tingling in limbs, chronic fatigue, G.I. disorders, pelvis and spinal changes may also occur. What does it look like?
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